Sunlight is the source of life and has many benefits for the human body. However, the ultraviolet (UV) rays emitted by the sun can also lead to serious health problems. Prolonged and excessive exposure can increase the risk of serious diseases such as skin cancer. In this article, we will examine the relationship between ultraviolet rays, which are the real danger behind the sun, and skin cancer.
Ultraviolet Rays and Their Types
Ultraviolet (UV) rays are a type of radiation that makes up a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum coming from the sun. UV rays emitted by the sun are partially filtered by the atmosphere as they reach the Earth. However, they can still have effects on the skin.
UV rays are divided into three main groups based on their wavelengths: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC rays are completely absorbed by the atmosphere and do not reach the Earth’s surface. UVA and UVB rays make up a significant portion of the UV rays reaching the Earth.
UVA rays (with wavelengths between 320 and 400 nanometers) penetrate the dermis layer and contribute to skin aging. They also play a role in the tanning process and may seem less harmful when short-term damages are disregarded. However, UVA rays can also cause DNA damage and increase the risk of skin cancer in the long term.
UVB rays (with wavelengths between 280 and 320 nanometers) are higher-energy rays and have a greater effect on the upper layers of the skin. These rays can cause sunburns and increase the risk of developing skin cancer. UVB rays can also contribute to the progression of skin cancer by suppressing the immune system.
Relationship Between Ultraviolet Rays and Skin Cancer
The impact of ultraviolet rays on skin cancer has been known for many years. As the duration and intensity of exposure increase, the risk of skin cancer also increases. Individuals who have experienced sunburns are more likely to develop skin cancer, so protecting oneself from the harmful effects of the sun is extremely important.
Skin cancer typically originates from skin cells. UV rays can cause damage to the DNA, altering the genetic structure of skin cells. This damage can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and the formation of cancer. The most common types of skin cancer, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma, can develop as a result of exposure to UV rays.
Ways to Protect Against Skin Cancer
There are measures that can be taken to protect against skin cancer. Here are some of them:
Wear sun-protective clothing: When exposed to the sun, it is important to wear sun-protective clothing such as wide-brimmed hats and long-sleeved garments. These clothing items prevent direct contact of UV rays with the skin.
Use sunscreen: Sunscreen lotions protect the skin by reducing the penetration of UV rays. Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen and prefer one with at least SPF 30. Read the label instructions carefully before applying sunscreen.
Avoid the sun: Especially during midday when the sun is strongest, try to avoid sun exposure. If you need to be in the sun, stay in shaded areas and take sun-protective measures.
Use sunglasses: Eyes exposed to UV rays may be at risk of cataracts and eye cancer. Using UV-protected sunglasses helps protect the eyes from these harmful rays.
Avoid tanning beds: Tanning beds provide artificial UV radiation for tanning purposes. However, tanning beds can increase the risk of skin cancer. Avoid these facilities as much as possible.
Sunlight is necessary for life, but excessive exposure can lead to serious health problems. Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of skin cancer and contribute to premature skin aging. Therefore, taking sun protection measures is vital. Wearing sun-protective clothing, using sunscreen, avoiding the sun, and wearing sunglasses are effective measures to protect against skin cancer. We must not forget to protect ourselves from the harmful effects of the sun to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
