Evaluating the effects and risks of using diabetes medications for weight loss, Medical Biochemistry Specialist Prof. Dr. Nilgün Tekkeşin stated that GLP-1 agonists approved for weight loss are injectable medications taken with a needle, adding, “If you are not a type 2 diabetes patient, consult your doctor about alternatives to diabetes medications.”

Prof. Dr. Nilgün Tekkeşin: “Unfortunately, as with other weight loss medications, patients regain most of the weight they lost, especially when they stop the medication before a year. Additionally, the medications are very expensive and need to be stored in a refrigerator.”

Prof. Dr. Nilgün Tekkeşin from the Department of Medical Biochemistry (English) at Üsküdar University Faculty of Medicine evaluated the effects and risks of using diabetes medications for weight loss.

Lifestyle changes should be made first to lose weight!

Pointing out that the use of type 2 diabetes medications, especially GLP-1 agonists (weight loss medications), for weight loss has become increasingly common recently, Prof. Dr. Tekkeşin noted that various diabetes medications not only help treat type 2 diabetes but also assist patients in losing weight, adding, “The best approach to weight loss is always to make behavioral and lifestyle changes first.”

7 Hours of Sleep is Key to Successful Weight Loss…

Among the principles necessary for long-term success are regular exercise, healthy eating, and adequate sleep, said Prof. Dr. Nilgün Tekkeşin. “Try to do moderate exercise like walking for at least 30 minutes every day. Have a high-protein breakfast. Limit sugary drinks. Utilize whole foods. Eat mindfully; eat slowly and savor your food. Also, reduce your calorie intake and avoid high-fat, sugary, and highly processed foods. Aim to sleep 7 hours every night. This is the key to successful weight loss,” she said.

These Medications May Be Preferred for Some Individuals with Severe Appetite Problems

Prof. Dr. Nilgün Tekkeşin stated that patients using weight loss medications along with healthy lifestyle changes lose an average of 10% of their body weight, whereas this rate remains between 3-6% in those using only medication. “In addition to lifestyle choices, GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonists, used to control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes, may be preferred for some individuals with severe appetite problems. Patients usually need to meet one of three criteria to qualify for GLP-1 agonists: a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher, a BMI of 27 with other significant medical conditions, or a BMI of 25 with type 2 diabetes and overweight,” she explained.

Can Injectable Weight Loss Drugs Be Used Long-Term?

Currently, there are two approved GLP-1 medications for weight loss, both of which are reliable for long-term use, said Prof. Dr. Nilgün Tekkeşin. She noted that another medication approved for diabetes is not fully approved for weight loss purposes.

Prof. Dr. Tekkeşin pointed out that diabetes medications, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists, promote weight loss through different mechanisms. “GLP-1 agonists do not directly cause weight loss but work by lowering blood sugar through stimulating insulin release from the pancreas, reducing overall appetite, and slowing stomach emptying (keeping you feeling full longer). The GLP-1 agonists approved for weight loss are injectable medications taken with a needle,” she explained.

They Also Help Prevent Cardiovascular Complications Like High Blood Pressure and Heart Attack

There are two types of medications taken daily and weekly, said Prof. Dr. Tekkeşin. “GLP-1 agonists also help prevent cardiovascular complications like high blood pressure, heart attack, and heart disease,” she added.

Do Diabetes Medications Cause Side Effects?

Prof. Dr. Tekkeşin noted that these medications are approved by the FDA for the treatment of individuals wanting to lose weight. “Adjustments are sometimes made to reach the maintenance dose and minimize side effects of GLP-1 agonists. The benefits generally outweigh the side effects. However, some patients may experience side effects when using these medications, but usually, they do not require stopping the medication,” she said.

Prof. Dr. Tekkeşin mentioned that common side effects of these medications include fatigue, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal pain, indigestion, and low blood sugar. She continued:

“Certain GLP-1 medications may increase the risk of developing specific medical conditions. Individuals should avoid these medications if they have gallbladder problems, pancreatitis, kidney disease, liver disease, a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (thyroid cancer), multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2), diabetic retinopathy (eye problems), high cholesterol or triglyceride levels, any digestive disorders, or if they are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.”

Weight Loss Success Rates

Prof. Dr. Nilgün Tekkeşin noted that the findings after about one year of treatment show a weight loss of 10 kg with one drug and 15 kg with another. “Unfortunately, as with other weight loss medications, patients regain most of the weight they lost, especially when they stop the medication before a year. Additionally, the medications are very expensive, need to be stored in a refrigerator, and about 90% of people experience some side effects, usually mild to moderate,” she said.

Recommendations from the Expert

Prof. Dr. Nilgün Tekkeşin advised those considering weight loss treatment and wanting to use diabetes medications, “Diabetes medications are not suitable for everyone. Understanding your options can help you and your doctor make the best decision for you. If you are curious about these treatment options but are not a type 2 diabetes patient, consult your doctor about alternatives to diabetes medications. Discuss with your doctor or an obesity medicine specialist to determine the best approach for you. Be aware that potential side effects can range from common nausea and indigestion to more serious stomach, gallbladder, and kidney issues. Moreover, individuals with a personal or family history of thyroid cancer should not use injectable diabetes medications for weight loss,” she advised.